North Korea wrapped up its fifth military parade since 2020 on Wednesday, holding another nighttime spectacle featuring new missile technology, a quantitative increase in long-range missile capabilities and Kim Jong Un’s daughter at center stage.

While the increased frequency of DPRK military parades during the pandemic has resulted in diminished interest among international media, the events still provide vital insights for understanding North Korean intentions, emerging capabilities and high-level political and military leadership reshuffles.

Besides the reveal of a new solid-fuel intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) that has been on the cards for years, the overall