North Korea appears to have imported millions of dollars worth of goods from Japan, South Korea and even the U.S. by way of Chinese entrepot facilities this year, most likely without the knowledge of the original shippers.

NK Pro analysis of trade data from China’s General Administration of Customs (GAC) shows that Japan in particular has emerged as a major indirect supplier of goods to the DPRK, likely unwittingly sending machinery, luxury goods and clothes that wound up in the country after passing through the Chinese customs areas.

Notably, China has also transshipped