North Korea will increasingly exploit the space between peaceful diplomacy and direct conflict to threaten the U.S. without provoking confrontation, according to a new declassified U.S. intelligence report.

The U.S. National Intelligence Council (NIC) predicts that North Korea, along with China, Iran, and Russia, will use so-called gray zone tactics — which include everything from cyberattacks and harassing ships and planes to Pyongyang’s balloon launches — to challenge the U.S. while avoiding direct war through 2030.